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Category: Tips & Info

Tips & Info Category

Windows tip of the week: Find out how your PC is managing power

Get the inside story on how your PC is managing power:

 

One of the most powerful diagnostic tools in Windows doesn’t have a graphical interface.

The Powercfg command, which is available only from a command line, allows you to manage, save, and export power settings. But its best trick is the ability to produce a detailed report of energy usage on your PC, including clues about devices or services that are preventing your system from going to sleep when it should.

To produce the energy report, open an administrative Command Prompt window. (From Windows 8.1 or Windows 10, right-click Start and then click Command Prompt (Admin).)

At the command prompt, type cd %temp% and then press Enter to switch to the Temp folder, where your report will be saved.

Enter the command powercfg /energy to begin generating the report. The process monitors your system for 60 seconds and then analyzes the results, saving the report as a document called energy-report.html in the current folder.

To open that report in your default browser, just enter the command start energy-report.html.

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Windows tip of the week: Tap into these Software licensing secrets


Software Licensing secrets:

Every version of Windows dating back to Windows Vista has included the Windows Software Licensing Management Tool, a script file found in the Windows System 32 folder as Slmgr.vbs. The script is designed for a local administrator to run in an elevated Command Prompt window.

Most people never need to use this tool, but it can come in handy when you’re trying to resolve activation problems or upgrade a Windows PC. The secret is knowing which switches to add to the end of the command to achieve the desired result.

If you just type the command, with no switches, you get a series of five dialog boxes that list all those switches. Network administrators who manage a Key Management server for Volume Licensing will find a goldmine here. For the rest of us, the three most commonly used switches are the following:

Slmgr.vbs /dli Displays basic license information, including the last five characters of the product key

Slmgr.vbs /dlv Displays much more detailed license information

Slmgr.vbs /cpky Removes the product key from the registry so that it can’t be copied and reused

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Windows tip of the week: Organize your cloud files the easy way

How to set up a Cloud Files library:

Cloud Solutions

You probably have two, three, or maybe even more folders that sync files from cloud to your PC right now: Dropbox, Google Drive, OneDrive, and so on. How do you keep track of all that cloud content? Set up a Cloud Files library in File Explorer. Here’s how:

In Windows 8.1 or Windows 10, right-click any empty space in the navigation pane on the left and make sure Show Libraries is selected. (Libraries are visible by default in Windows 7’s Explorer.)

Right-click the Libraries heading and then click New | Library. Change the default name to something descriptive, like Cloud Files.

Right-click the first locally synced cloud folder and select Include In Library, choosing the name of your newly created library.

Repeat that step for each additional local folder.

That’s it. You can now get a unified view of all your cloud files by selecting that library in File Explorer. Use the search box to quickly find any file, regardless of where it’s stored.

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10 of the latest security products that can help you fight the bad guys

1. IBM z13s mainframeIBM z13s mainframe

Image: IBM

Security standards are constantly changing. Here are some of the latest software and hardware products to help keep your organization secure.

In February 2016, IBM announced the IBM z13s, a mainframe with cryptographic features built directly into the hardware. According to IBM it can decrypt at twice the speed of the generations before it.

2. Cisco Firepower NGFW

Cisco Firepower NGFW

Image: Cisco

Cisco recently announced its Firepower series appliances with its next-generation firewall (NGFW) technology. There are 16 models in the series that include integrated NGIPS and advanced malware protection.

3. Illumio

Illumio

Image: Illumio

Illumio is a startup that provides adaptive security for the data center and cloud environments. The company recently achieved unicorn status as its value topped $1 billion, and it is consistently named a top enterprise security provider.

4. GOTPass

GOTPass

Image: University of Plymouth, H. Alsaiari, M. Papadaki, P. Dowland, and S. Furnell

GOTPass is a graphical authentication system developed by researchers at the University of Plymouth. It uses images to authenticate instead of traditional passwords.

5. Skyport Systems SkySecure

Skyport Systems SkySecure

Image: Skyport Systems

SkySecure is an out-of-the-box enterprise security solution to protect application workloads. The systems includes hardware, software, and management tools.

6. Spikes Security Isla

Spikes Security Isla

Image: Spikes Security

The Isla is an enterprise appliance that “isolates and eliminates all browser-borne malware.” It was launched in mid-2015, but it was independently certified as invulnerable to web malware exploits in early 2016.

7. Blackphone 2

Blackphone 2

Image: Zack Whittaker/CNET

The Blackphone by Silent Circle is an Android-powered smartphone with a built-in security center to lock down your data. The most recent iteration, the Blackphone 2, released late last year.

8. Imation IronKey Enterprise H350

Imation IronKey Enterprise H350

Image: Imation

The IronKey Enterprise H350 is a rugged, military-grade encrypted hard drive. It is available in multiple capacities and is FIPS 140-2 Level 3 certified.

9. Bitdefender Total Security 2016

Bitdefender Total Security 2016

Image: Bitdefender

For home users and small businesses, the Total Security 2016 by Bitdefender is a great option. It stacks up well against key competitors and includes device anti-theft features.

10. Qubes OS 3.1 rc2

Qubes OS 3.1 rc2

Image: Qubes

Qubes OS is a Linux-based, security-oriented OS that is focused on compartmentalization using VMs. It’s been around for a few years, but the latest version released in January 2016.

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Windows tip of the week: How to save time with environment variables

Save time and keystrokes with environment variables:

When asked to open your user profile in File Explorer, you’ll probably type its full path: C, colon, backslash, Users, backslash, followed by your user name. But there’s a much faster way:

Type %userprofile% and press Enter.

Congratulations, you just saved a half-dozen keystrokes or so by using one of many useful environment variables in Windows. These are reserved names, enclosed between percent signs, that represent the current location of a specific system folder.

Here are a few other useful ones to know:

%localappdata% The hidden folder in your user profile where Windows apps store your data

%windir% The folder containing Windows system files; usually C:Windows

%public% A special user profile that contains folders for Documents, Downloads, Music, Pictures, and Videos, intended for sharing on a home network

%temp% or %tmp% The normally hidden folder where Windows and apps can store files necessary for one-time tasks

Some people write these variables using mixed case (%ProgramFiles%, for example) to make them easier to read. But they’re not case sensitive, so skip the Shift key if you want.

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Windows tip of the week: How to customize the Send To menu

Customize the Send To menu:

The Send To menu is a particularly useful feature in File Explorer. You can right-click any file or folder, choose Send To, and copy or move those objects to a folder of your choosing. You can also open compatible files by sending them to an application shortcut.

Unfortunately, the default list of Send To destinations is sketchy to say the least. But if you create a shortcut, you can customize that list to your heart’s content. The secret is to open the Run box (Windows key + R), type the command shell:sendto, and then press Enter.

The folder with all the items you see on the Send To list will pop up. To delete an item, just right click it and select delete. To add destinations, like the Videos or Music folders, by dragging them from the menu on the left.

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Windows 10: Ten big things to watch for in 2016

This year will mark the first full year of release for Microsoft’s new OS. A look at what’s in store for Windows 10 this year.

Windows

Windows 10 was described as the “last version of Windows” – an OS that would evolve over time rather than be superceded.

In the few months since Windows 10’s launch Microsoft says it has been installed on more than 110 million devices. But just what lies in store for the OS in 2016, how will it get better and what new devices will it find its way onto?

1. Windows 10 will begin automatically installing on your old machine

Windows 10 is available as a free upgrade to Windows 7 and 8.1 users and Microsoft is getting increasingly aggressive about moving these users to the new OS.

From this year Windows 10 will automatically begin installing on most Windows 7 and 8.1 machines.

Users will still need to confirm the installation manually for it to continue. However, if they choose not to proceed it’s unclear if they can cancel it altogether, with Jeremy Korst, general manager of the Windows and Devices team at Microsoft, saying only that “the customer will have the ability to delay it for some period”.

If users do upgrade but don’t like Windows 10 they will have 31 days to roll back to their previous OS.

The automatic installation, the result of Microsoft changing the status of the Windows 10 upgrade to a Recommended update, will be preceded by increasingly insistent nag messages to upgrade. These notices are already being shown to some Windows users and have been criticised for not offering an easy opt-out.

2. Microsoft Edge will get extensions

Windows 10 launched with Microsoft Edge, a new browser that cast off a lot of the legacy code holding Internet Explorer back.

However, while speedy and capable on paper, the browser suffers from its share of bugs and is missing support for extensions, a key feature found in competitors such as Chrome and Firefox.

Microsoft will rectify this omission “early next year” when Korst said it will add extensions to Edge in test builds of Windows 10, ahead of being made generally available.

Extensions are small software programs, typically written using HTML, CSS and JavaScript, that augment the functionality of a browser.

Earlier this month, Microsoft accidentally published a website announcing the introduction of extensions to test builds of Windows 10. The site, which was taken down, referenced extensions for Pinterest and Reddit.

Microsoft originally planned to add support for extensions to Edge this year.

3. Windows 10 will blur the virtual and real world

Microsoft’s Windows 10-powered augmented reality headset HoloLens will ship to developers in the first quarter of 2016.

The augmented reality headset places 3D virtual images in the wearer’s vision so that they appear part of the real world – for instance, a Minecraft landscape sits on a coffee table or a Skype video sits on the wall.

After trying a demo of the headset this week, TechRepublic senior writer Dan Patterson said that though the headset had a limited “field of vision”, “the 3D animations are smooth, easy to interactive with, and result in only marginal eyestrain”.

The HoloLens doesn’t come cheap, with the developer kit priced at $3,000 – although Microsoft says this early release is meant for developers and commercial customers.

Although HoloLens has obvious consumer and gaming uses, Microsoft is stressing its use for business and is working with NASA, AutoDesk, Volvo, Dassault Aviation, Case Western Reserve University, and other large organisations to develop applications for it.

4. More security for enterprise

The coming year will also see some notable new features added to the enterprise version of Windows 10.

Key among these additions is Enterprise Data Protection, which will allow companies to separate work and personal data on devices using containerisation file techniques. It will also encrypt data as it moves around the organisation – helping to ensure that information isn’t accessed by the wrong people.

The feature will be rolled out to people testing Windows under the Insider Program “early this year”.

5. Testers will get a peek at even earlier builds

Those testing early releases of Windows 10 under the Windows Insider Program will be able to get earlier access to new features from January this year.

Those who choose to be in the “fast” ring of the Insider Program will receive builds of Windows 10 more frequently in 2016, according to Microsoft VP Gabe Aul.

The price of testers getting their hands on early builds more regularly will be that this software will likely include more bugs, he said. Those testers who prefer stability to early access should opt for the “slow” ring, he said.

6. Cortana will be everywhere

Microsoft is planning a major upgrade to Windows 10, codenamed Redstone, next year – with reports the upgrade will put Microsoft’s virtual assistant Cortana at the core of the OS.

An unnamed source told The Verge the new Cortana will help users with a much wider range of tasks inside Windows 10, appearing contextually in documents to provide “information and assistance” and giving Cortana control over a wider range of notifications.

The other major upgrade to Cortana will reportedly be an ability to start a task on one device and pick it up on another, for instance if you get a missed call on an Android phone running the Cortana app you could reply from your Windows 10 PC via text.

7. Microsoft doubles down on Windows 10 phones as desktops

A much touted feature of Windows 10 is its ability to run a desktop OS from a phone.

Microsoft’s new Lumia 950 and 950XL handsets can – wirelessly or via a dock – be hooked up to a monitor, mouse and keyboard and used to run a Windows desktop.

The Windows 10 OS can change the look and feel of certain apps, as well as its own appearance, to suit the phone or the desktop, as well as coping with everyday desktop tasks, such as multitasking and copying files from a USB stick.

The expectation is that Microsoft will further commit to this idea of using your phone as a desktop in 2016, with rumours that Panos Panay and the team behind the high-end Surface Book laptop are working on a Surface Phone that will release next year.

8. No more free upgrade

Windows 10 is available as a free upgrade to everyone running Windows 7 or 8.1 but only for a limited time.

The offer of a free upgrade will expire on 29 July 2016 – after which point it seems that users will have to buy a Windows 10 licence.

However, due to the in-your-face tactics that Microsoft is adopting to persuade people to upgrade, it seems unlikely that Windows 7 and 8.1 users will inadvertently miss out on the offer.

9. Windows 10 replaces its predecessors on new PCs

If you’re not a fan of Windows 10 then you should buy a new PC before October.

From the end of October 2016, PC makers will have to sell new machines with Windows 10, rather than Windows 7 or 8.1.

After that point businesses that want to run older Windows versions on new machines will have to rely on downgrade rights or software assurance rights under volume license agreements.

10. Windows 10 Surface Hub arrives

From January 2016 Windows 10 will power another new piece of hardware,Microsoft’s touchscreen computer the Surface Hub.

The successor to its large-screen Perceptive Pixel displays, the Surface Hub will run a custom version of Windows 10 and various apps needed for workplace communication and collaboration, including OneNote, Skype for Business and Office.

The 55-inch, Intel Core i5-based Surface Hub model will sell for $6,999 (estimated retail price), and the Intel Core i7-based 84-inch version for $19,999 ERP.

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The 10 most important lessons IT learned in 2015

Every year brings with it new challenges, and new lessons, for IT in the enterprise. Here are 10 of the lessons IT learned this past year.

IT lessons

 

The end of a year is always a good time for reflection, especially so if you’re evaluating what your business did right and what you can improve upon. In an increasingly digital world, IT has quickly become one of, if not the most, important aspects of an organization. So, it should be with great care that executives and admins look back on their year and try to glean some wisdom about what can be done differently in the year to come.

Here are 10 of the most important lessons that IT learned in 2015.

1. BYOX is here to stay

As smartphone use grew to near ubiquity in the enterprise, it brought with it the trend of BYOD, or, bring your own device. While that originally referred to mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets, it spawned as host of “bring your own” everything else.

“BYOX is the new mantra with consumers bringing their own applications, cloud sharing tools, social media into the enterprise; essentially bringing their own expectations of which technology they want to use and how and where they want to work in a corporate environment,” said Chuck Pol, president of Vodafone Americas.

2. DevOps is no longer just a buzzword

The term “DevOps” gained huge popularity in 2015 as a reference to an agile method that stresses the collaboration of development and operations. The goal is to connect the writers of the code with those who maintain the systems that run it. However, DevOps continues to evolve and, although it has its own set of challenges, it could be poised to become the method of choice for enterprise IT starting in 2016.

3. Data is currency

Data, especially as it relates to big data has been steadily growing in value but 2015 felt like a tipping point. Tools for both structured and unstructured data exploded in popularity and major data service providers went public, adding credibility to the field and likely creating a better inroad into the enterprise. Also, businesses got better at distinguishing between relevant and irrelevant data.

“It is no longer credible to look at data as big static objects in a deep lake, but rather be considered a set of fast moving assets in a raging river,” said Neil Jarvis, CIO of Fujitsu America. “In 2016 and beyond, companies need to look at the data that creates business-relevant information for today and tomorrow.”

4. Finding talent is problematic

Talent shortages don’t just affect startups on the West Coast. CompTIA CIO Randy Gross said that current estimates suggest there are more than one million IT job opening across the US alone, ranging across skill level from support specialists to network admins. Enterprises are going to have to work harder to attract and retain talent.

“Wise employers with IT jobs to fill have engaged in a self-examination of the tactics and strategies they’re using to attract new talent—and adjusting accordingly,” Gross said. “For some companies, new telecommuting and remote work options have helped them fill their talent gaps.”

5. SMAC is still relevant

The SMAC stack, which stands for social, mobile, analytics, and cloud, is also known by some as the “third platform.” As all of these individual components continue to grow and thrive in the workplace, their interdependencies will grow along with them.

“Senior management must become well versed about these technologies and their possibilities to create new value and new competitive advantages in their own business and markets,” Pol said.

6. Cloud lost its fear factor

Cloud acceptance was a mixed bag for a long time, but 2015 brought a more widespread embrace of cloud technologies and services in the enterprise. In fact, some trends are making it almost a necessity.

“The complete adoption of virtualization, as well as investigation into cloud and other strategies, is far more advanced than expected—particularly amongst SMBs,” said Patrick Hubbard, technical product marketing director at SolarWinds. “Making operating systems and applications truly mobile is redefining how companies think about their IT infrastructure.”

7. The security mindset is changing

Anthem BlueCross BlueShield and Harvard University were among the major organizations that dealt with a public security breach in 2015. With today’s social media, you can almost guarantee any data breach that occurs in the enterprise won’t stay a secret. And, with the risk of a breach high, Intel Security CTO Steve Grobman said that teams must adopt a new way of thinking.

“IT must embrace the mindset that they have already been breached, now how do you protect your environment with this new default outlook?,” Grobman said.

8. Shadow IT is a line item

Shadow IT carries nowhere near the same amount of scorn it once did in the enterprise. Some organizations are even openly embracing it, and making it a foundational part of their IT strategy. And, as shadow IT continues to grow, Pol said, it needs to be properly accounted for in the budget.

“As technology continues to transform business, IT infrastructure will become more complex and more difficult to have a complete view of technology across the business,” Pol said. “The role of IT will need to become more strategic and set clear lines of accountability between IT and line of business budget holders.”

9. Employees are the biggest security risk

When most people think about security risks to their organization, the image of the hooded hacker furiously typing away in a dark room. However, employees themselves pose a real threat to the security of an organization as well. Issues such as poor password practices and using unsecured networks with company devices are a real problem. Kelly Ricker, senior vice president of events and education at CompTIA, said mobile, while helping with agility and productivity, is a cybersecurity nightmare.IT

“Every device that employees use to conduct business—smartphones and smartwatches, tablets and laptops—is a potential security vulnerability,” Ricker said. “Companies that fail to acknowledge and address this fact face the very real risk of becoming a victim of cyber criminals and hackers.”

10. Commoditization is a threat

With the plethora of tools available to build and replicate popular tech, it is increasingly important for organizations to guard against the threat of commoditization.

“As development cycles become shorter and the potential for intellectual property to be recreated and copied increases, it is becoming more difficult to create a sustainable competitive advantage for your products and services,” Pol said.

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CISCO VPN CLIENT & WINDOWS 8 (32BIT & 64BIT) – REASON 442: FAILED

FAILED TO ENABLE VIRTUAL ADAPTOR –

HOW TO FIX IT

The Cisco VPN client is one of the most popular Cisco tools used by administrators, engineers and end-users to connect to their remote networks and access resources.

With the introduction of Windows 8, Cisco VPN users are faced with a problem – the Cisco VPN software installs correctly but fails to connect to any remote VPN network.

When trying to connect to a VPN network through a Windows 8 operating system (32 or 64 bit), the Cisco VPN client will fail to connect. As soon as the user double-clicks on the selected Connection Entry, the VPN client will begin its negotiation and request the username and password.

As soon as the credentials are provided, the VPN client shows the well-known “Securing communications channel” at the bottom of the windows application:

cisco-vpn-client-windows8-fix-

After a couple of seconds the Cisco VPN client will timeout, fail and eventually the connection is terminated. The user is then greeted by a pop up window explaining that the VPN failed with a Reason 442: Failed to enable Virtual Adaptor error:cisco-vpn-client-windows8-fix

INTRODUCING THE FIX – WORKAROUND

Thankfully the fix to this problem is simple and can be performed even by users with somewhat limited experience.

Here are 4 easy-to-follow steps to the solution:

1. Open your Windows Registry Editor by typing regedit in the Run prompt.

2. Browse to the Registry Key HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\CVirtA

3. From the window on the right, select and right-click on DisplayName and choose Modify from the menu. Alternatively, double-click onDisplayName:

cisco-vpn-client-windows8-fix

4. For Windows 8 32bit (x86) operating systems, change the value data from @oem8.inf,%CVirtA_Desc%;Cisco Systems VPN Adapter to Cisco Systems VPN Adapter.

For Windows 8 64bit (x64) operating systems, change the value data from @oem8.inf,%CVirtA_Desc%;Cisco Systems VPN Adapter for 64-bit Windows to Cisco Systems VPN Adapter for 64-bit Windows (shown below):cisco-vpn-client-windows8-fix

When done editing the Value data, click on OK and close the Registry Editor.

You can now run the Cisco VPN Client and connect to your VPN network.  Changes performed do not require a system restart.

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BYOD and the danger of litigation

BYOD means you must make a few extra preparations to protect your organization in cases of litigation and eDiscovery.

BYOD devices

It’s a fact that we live in a litigious world. Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) and even corporate-owned mobile devices often are caught up in legal cases. Chris Gallagher, national director for Adecco eQ, a nationwide eDiscovery firm gives an overview of how businesses can navigate eDiscovery when a business has BYOD devices seized as part of a court case.

eDiscovery and mobile devices

BYOD and corporate-owned devices can be put a litigation hold (sometimes called a “preservation order”) when an organization must preserve all forms of relevant information when there’s the anticipation of litigation.

Gallagher’s firm helps legal counsel with data forensic collection, acquisition on mobile devices and PCs. His company processes the data on these devices and uses advanced analytics to locate information pertinent to the litigation

eDiscovery and BYOD: The blurred line

BYOD is still, from a legal perspective, in its infancy, Gallagher said. He said every time his firm does a customer survey, they still hear about strong BYOD activity in the market.

He said, “Of course, from a discovery perspective, from a litigation hold perspective, it makes both the general counsel’s life that much more difficult as well as the law firm’s life more difficult because number one, there’s that blurred line, what is corporate data versus what is personal and individual data, where does that line cease?”

Gallagher points out that anytime you have devices entering and leaving a network there’s a control factor. Companies who master that control have a better (but still not perfect) time when they get called into discovery.

“When you have a device that is not a corporate-owned device that is accessing corporate information, the ownership of that information always comes into question,” Gallagher said.

“When dealing with eDiscovery, part of discovery requests are information that is under your direction and control,” he said. “It’s on a personal device, it’s not owned by the corporation, but it’s corporate-owned data, so is that under your control? Absolutely.”

Litigation holds on BYOD devices can be an added nuance and one more gray area that corporation have to deal with when it comes to BYOD in their enterprise.

Gallagher said you need to ask, ” How do you get that data back? How do you ensure that you’re not losing, not only from a litigation perspective, but the other major issue is corporate information, trademark secrets, corporate secrets, confidential information that you wouldn’t want to enhance?”

He further explained that a litigation hold over a BYOD devices means going beyond the normal things like a desk drawer, files, email, and shared devices. It means you have to ask “Okay, what else have you used to access the corporate network in the last year?

Wearables and eDiscovery

Wearable tech would have minimal impact on eDiscovery. Gallagher said, “Now, if you’re a corporate attorney, if you’re a defense counsel, one of the things you’re going to argue is “Well, the watch, everything that’s available on the watch, it’s just email, weather, that’s available on the server anyway, so you have another place to get it.”

The wearable is a highly discoverable type of device because most of that information is just replicating from somewhere else, Gallagher said. Usually, you are replicating wearable data from your phone so if you have the phone then everything’s replicated.

“For smaller cases, for cases at a location, for criminal cases, or matrimonial cases, where location is important, wearables could come into play,” he said.

Onboarding BYOD devices and eDiscovery

Much of what Gallagher said around BYOD policies is standard fare. I asked Gallagher how a company could protect themselves in the cases of salespeople (the “original BYOD”users) contracts and non-compete agreements. Competitors in highly competitive industries sue each over this kind of stuff all the time.

Career salespeople have their contacts (built from years of selling in an industry) that they keep on their phones. They may have sold to these customers over the years.

From a legal perspective in this scenario, Gallagher recommends that corporations have an addendum added to their standard employment agreement. The addendum should state, “I certify that I am not bringing anything from my former employee. We are hiring you for your knowledge of the industry in general and not any specific contacts that you may or may not have from former employees.

Gallagher said this sort of contract boilerplate puts the responsibility on their shoulders and that you aren’t hiring them for a particular contact.

He also advised that you want to make sure that they abide by their previous non-compete, but you don’t want them downloading or taking anything with them from their previous employer. Gallagher cautioned that you should not place any data from their previous employer on your corporate-owned system. Take, for example, syncing a personally owned smartphone to a corporate-owned laptop. Along with that sync can come corporate data from your competitor. eDiscovery can detect that data.

He further recommends that you have that new sales rep come to you with a clean slate of a cell phone.

Bringing contacts along on a personal device has become much easier legally speaking according to Gallagher. He said, “One of the recent things that’s come out of court cases is if you look at LinkedIn profiles, if you look at customer information but the sales rep proved that most of the information that he had from his ‘client’ was available publicly on their LinkedIn profiles.”

You don’t want them backing up their tablet to their new computer that could result in a breach of their non-compete, and now it’s backed up on your servers according to Gallagher.

Conclusion

Above and beyond the usual BYOD and challenges that enterprises face each day, you may also be navigating a blurred legal line so prepare yourself accordingly with BYOD policies and advice from your counsel to ensure that you are prepared if and when BYOD devices get put on a litigation hold.

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